Joalokaha hutspot ea eona e tummeng, lijo tsa kajeno tsa Netherlands li na le tšusumetso ea tšusumetso ea litloaelo tsa matsoalloa le linaheng tse ling, tse ling li nahanisisa ka mefuta-futa ea lichaba le tse ling tse tlang morao.
Tšusumetso ea Pele
Ha ho tsejoe hantle ka baahi ba pele ho Bokreste ba Netherlands, empa tšusumetso ea bona ka lijo tsa Madache e ka 'na ea mamella ho fihlela letsatsing lena ka mokhoa oa lijo tsa mokete joaloka li- duivekater ; li-bread le likiki tse kang krakelingen ; le litloaelo le mekete ea lipalesa tse tloaelehileng tsa Madache ea Easter , e leng tšimoloho ea eona e ka fumanoang morao ho linyehelo le litšebeletso tsa mekete ea malumeli a boholo-holo a sebaka seo.
Tšusumetso ea mekhoa ea lijo tsa Roma e ne e nkoa nako e telele ka mor'a hore 'Muso oa Roma o fokotsehe: tatso ea litlolo tse monate le tse monate tse hlalositsoeng ka mokhoa oa Roma oa ho pheha ka tšebeliso ea linoko tse kang meroho o mosoeu le o mosoeu, litlama le metsi a letsoai liquamen kapa garum (e tšoanang le Sevietnam nuoc mam ).
Khoebo ea pele ea linoko tsa Asia e ile ea ntlafatsa palate ea boholo-holo ea Dutch. Thepa e ne e tsamaisoa ka sekepe ho ea Asia ho ea fihla likoung tsa Mediterranean tsa Levantine moo likepe tsa Venetian li ileng tsa li isa Italy. Ho tloha moo o ne o rekisoa ka leboea haufi le linōka le litsela tsa litša, 'me o ne a fapanyetsana lipapaling tsa Fora bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa Europe Leboea, tse kang lesela la boea le lifate.
Linoko tse neng li rekisoa li kenyeletsa tse tsejoang le tse neng li e-na le mehleng ea boholo-holo, tse kang pepere, ginger, cardamom le safrone, hammoho le lipapali tsa morao-rao, tse kang cinamone, linmeg, mace, cloves le galangal. Mefuta ena e mecha ea mefuta e sa tloaelehang e ile ea e-ba ea bohlokoa lekhotleng le cloister, mohlomong ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tsa tsona tse phahameng, tse neng li eketsa maemo le botumo ba moeti.
Ho ka boleloa ntho e tšoanang ka sehlahisoa se seng sa Bochabela se fumanoang Europe Bophirimela ho ea ka Lintoa tsa Bolumeli: tsoekere ea 'moba. Tsoekere e ne e theko e boima haholo ho feta mahe a linotši (ka nako eo e ne e le monate oa bokahohle) 'me, joalo ka mefuta e mengata ea linoko, e fumaneha feela ho batho ba phahameng.
Ho tseba lipepepe tsa mehleng ea khale, ho hlakile hore lijana le lijo tse ling tseo joale re neng re ka li ngola e le Mediterranean kapa Asia li ne li se li tsejoa ke batho ba phehang liholeng tsa Dutch castle lekholong la bo15 le la bo16 la lilemo, nako e telele pele lijana le lijo tse ngata li nkoa e le "tloaelo ea Sedache." Libuka tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tse tsejoang ka culinary tse entsoeng ke lihobe tse sebetsang ka kichineng tsa malapa a borena a Europe li ile tsa kopitsoa haholo lekholong la bo14 le la bo15 la lilemo, e le hore lipepe tsa Italy le tsa Sefora li kene ka kichineng ea Madache pele ho nako.
Buka ea pele ea cookbook ea Netherlands e hatisoa ke Thomas van der Noot e Brussels tlas'a sehlooho Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen ("Buka e tsebahalang ea ho pheha") hoo e ka bang ka 1514. Lipapile tsena li bontša hore lijo tsa Bourgeois tsa Madache li ne li susumetsoa haholo ke Sefora, Ho pheha Senyesemane le Sejeremane, tse neng li boetse li susumelana.
Lijo tse tsoang Lijong
Mefuta e mengata eo re e ratang kajeno e ne e amoheloa feela lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. Pele ho moo, li-lentile feela, li-chickpe le linaoa tse pharaletseng li ne li tsejoa Europe. Litapole, tseo hona joale li nkoang e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho pheha ha Madache, li ile tsa hlahisoa feela ka mor'a ho sibolloa ha Amerika, 'me ha ea ka ea e-ba lijo tsa matšoele pele ho lekholo la bo18 la lilemo. Lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, matlo a borena le matlo a Netherlands a ne a tsebahala ka li-conservatories, moo litholoana tse ruileng tsa vithamine C, tse kang lemons le li-orang, hammoho le litholoana tse ling tse sa tloaelehang le litlama li hōlile. Lintho tsena tseo ho thoeng ke "li-orangeries" e ne e le selelekela sa matlo a limela tsa kajeno.
Le hoja biri e ne e le seno sa motho ea tloaelehileng, veine e ne e boetse e le seno se ratoang lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. Lintho tse ngata li ne li romeloa ho tloha Fora le Jeremane, empa ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le liphahlo tsa sebakeng seo Netherlands nakong ena. Li-wine tsa Rhine le Mosel li ne li tloaelehile ho batho ba phahameng, hammoho le veine e monate, e tsejoang e le Bastart (e tšoanang le veine ea Marsala).
Khamphani ea Dutch East India ( Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie kapa VOC ka Dutch), e thehiloe ka 1602 'me e thusitse haholo ho theha' muso o matla oa Bochabela oa Bochabela oa lekholong la bo17 la lilemo. Kaha e na le motse-moholo oa motse oa Batavia (hona joale e leng Jakarta, Indonesia) le lithahasello tsa khoebo India, Sumatra, Borneo le Java, VOC e atisa ho bitsoa lefats'e la pele ka makhetlo a mabeli 'me e bile eona k'hamphani ea pele ea ho hlahisa thepa. Lijo tse kholo tse kenyelletsoeng khoebong tsa khoebo li ne li kenyelletsa lijo tse ngata tsa polokelo tsa lik'habote tsa kajeno tsa Sedache, tse kang pepere, sinamone, cloves, tee, raese, kofi , li-nutmeg le mace. Le hoja tse ngata tsa linoko li ne li se li ratoa haholo Netherlands, li ne li le theko e boima haholo 'me li lula li le joalo ho fihlela k'hamphani ea Dutch East India e qala ho khutlisetsa likoloi tsa libaka tsena, ho li beha haufi le batho ba tloaelehileng ba Sedache.
Mehaho ea pele ea Kofi e ile ea buloa ka 1663 The Hague le Amsterdam. Ka 1696, theko e phahameng ea kofi e ile ea khothalletsa VOC ho iketsetsa kofi Java. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo, tee, kofi le tsokolate e chesang e ne e le lino tse fesheneng tsa letsatsi, li rorisoa bakeng sa ho thoeng ke "meriana ea meriana." Ke batho ba phahameng feela ba ka li fang, leha ho le joalo. Ho nkile nakoana pele lihlahisoa tsena tse ntle li ka fumanoa ke bohle.
VOC e ile ea qhaqhoa ka 1799, empa ea siea lefa le tšoarellang ka kichineng la Dutch. Lijo tse ngata tse tummeng tsa Netherlands li entsoe ka mefuta e tloaelehileng ea VOC: masiana a tloaelehileng a tloaelehileng a kang metworst, lijoe tse nang le li-clove le kumine le li-cookie tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa naheng, ho akarelletsa le speculaas, kruidnoten , pepernoten , jan hagel , stroopwafels le taai-taai .
Colonial Cooking
Ka likolone le libaka tse ling tsa Afrika, Asia, North America le Caribbean, Netherlands e kile ea e-ba matla a bokolone a matla. Lihlekehlekeng tsa Spice li ne li nkoa e le sejoe sa moqhaka oa bokolone 'me Madache a amohela lijo tsa Indonesian haese likolone feela, empa hape a khutlela lapeng. Rijsttafel ea Indonesian (ha e le hantle, "tafoleng ea raese") e ne e le moqapi oa Madache, o neng o kopanyelletsa lineano tsa likhate tse fapa-fapaneng tsa sekolo e le lijo tse tloaelehileng tseo e neng e le "lijo tse latsoang" tsa lipoleiti tse nyenyane, hammoho le raese le li- sambals tse monate. Hona joale, Madache a nka lijo tsa Indonesian hore e be tsa matsoalloa a mabeli 'me ba ka' na ba nka baeti ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ho ea reschorenteng ea Indonesian ha ba le monate. Lijo tse kang li-goreng, li- babi ketjap le li- satay ke tsona tse tloaelehileng malapeng a mangata a kajeno a Madache, ha bamischijf (bohobe bo tebileng bo ommeng ba noodle ka bohobe bo phoroselang bohobe) le patat sate (li-fries tsa Dutch le sauce ea satay) ke mehlala e metle ea Indo-Dutch lijo tsa fusion.
Mohlomong ha ho makatse hore ebe li-coloni tsa pele tsa Madache tsa Suriname le Antilles tsa Netherlands ha lia e-ba le tšusumetso e khōlō ho pheha ha Madache, ho sa tsotellehe boipiletso ba bona bo hlakileng ba tropike. Ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore bajaki ba Surinamese le ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba bolokile ho pheha ha bona, ka lebaka la hore ha e e-s'o ka e etsoa ka mokhoa o pharaletseng joaloka ho pheha Indonesian, Turkish kapa Moroccan.
Matsatsing ana, u ka fumana lebenkele le sa tloaelehang la Samoinamese le toko (immigrant store) ho rekisa Surinamese le Lijo tsa Mantlha le lijo tse sa jang, ha ginger e le biri le limela li qala ho fetisetsa litsela tsa bona holong ea lichelete tsa marang-rang.
Lipapatso tsa Turkey le Maroc
Basebetsi ba baeti ba Turkey le Maroc ba ile ba fihla Netherlands karolong e qetellang ea lekholo la pele la lilemo. Ha ba ntse ba etsa lehae la kamehla Netherlands, ba bangata ba ile ba bula mabenkele a likhutlo le lireschorente. Ha e le hantle, lijo tse ngata tsa Turkey le tsa Moroallo naheng ea Netherlands li 'nile tsa thusa haholo ho tseba Madache ka lijo tsa Turkey le tsa Morocco. Le hobane ho le bonolo ho reka metsoako eohle ea mabenkele a mangata a tsoang linaheng tse ling, Hollanders ba se ba qalile ho leka matsoho a bona lipapisong tse ling tsa Turkey le tsa Morocco ka lapeng. Lijana tse kang bo-couscous, hummus le tajines li fetohile tse sa tloaelehang letsatsi le leng le le leng ka taba ea lilemong tse seng kae tse mashome. Li-pizzas tsa Turkey, kofte, kebabs le pita ke lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa seterateng le licheche tsa Madache li sebelisa maroso a Moroccan merguez , matsatsi, palo ea harissa , Turkish bulghur koro , likharenate le bohobe ka litsela tse ncha tse thabisang.
Lefa la Madache
Netherlands le tsona li siile letšoao la tsona ho li-colone le libaka tsa khale. Oliebol , e ileng ea isoa Lefatšeng le Lecha ka baholehi ba pele ba Madache, mohlomong e ile ea fetoha monehelo. Afrika Boroa, oliebol ke pele ho koeksusters le vetkoek . Ho fapana le polelo e reng, " Joaloka Maamerika joaloka pie ea apole," Madache a 'nile a apeha ho tloha pele US e le teng,' me mohlomong a nka recipe ea bona ea setho sa lipalesa tsa Dutch ho ea New World. Bajaki ba Madache ba ile ba boela ba atisa ho hlahisa li-pancake USA le Afrika Boroa, 'me ba fa lebese leo le ratoang lebese le soetkoekies (le tšoanang le li- colase ). MaDache a boetse a kenyelletsa cookie ho Amerika Leboea, mme esita le lentsoe cookie le lefella leymology ea eona ho lentsoe la Dutch le koekje .
Lisebelisoa: Linoko le Lihlopha: Likopi Tse Bokellitsoeng Lijong Tse Bohareng ke Johanna Maria van Winter ( Prospect Books, 2007); Bukana ea batho ba nang le boits'oaro ( " Bohobe- le libopeho tsa bohobe le moelelo oa tsona ") ke JH Nannings (Interbook International, 1974); Kastelenkookboek ("Castle Cookbook") e bitsoang Robbie dell 'Aira (Ho ea ho Engstmag, 2011); Koks & Keukenmeiden ("Li- cooks le Kitchen Kitchen") ke J. Van Dam le J. Witteveen (Nijgh & Van Ditmar, 1996); Die Geskiedenis van Boerekos ("History of the Boer Kitchen") ea HW Claassens (Protea Boekhuis, 2006).