White Burgundy, Red Burgundy le Cremant - Ke All About Place
Veine ea Burgundy e hahiloe ka morara o peli, Chardonnay le Pinot Noir, libaka tsa morara tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa tseleng ea ho qetela ea veine. Sebaka sa veine se bonoang haholo sa Burgundy ("Burgundy" ka Sefora le ka mabitleng a botlolo, se bitsoang " Bor-gun-yuh ") se amohetse li-oenophiles ka makholo a lilemo. Sebaka se haufi le Nōka ea Saone karolong e bohareng-bohareng ea Fora, Burgundy e ka ba bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 100 ho tloha holimo (haufi le toropo ea Dijon) ho ea tlase (e ka leboea ho Lyon), e hlahisang libotlolo tse limilione tse 193 ka selemo ho tloha lihekthere tse 68 000 tlas'a sefate sa morara sebakeng se tummeng sa majoe, se nang le merafo.
Ho sa tsotellehe hangata maemo a leholimo a ke keng a lebelloa, litekanyo tse nyane tsa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso le likhaello tse fokolang ka bophara lefatšeng ka bophara, Burgundy e bua ka hoo e batlang e le mohlolo.
Burgundy e bua ka sebaka seo. Joaloka libaka tse ngata tsa veine tsa Fora , lebitso la sebaka seo le nka lebitso la bohlokoa ho feta mabitso a morara. Lebitso la mabitso, li-communes le libaka (libaka tsa veine) li laola lebitso la veine la Burgundy , e leng ho sa tsotellehe hore na morara o ka sehloohong o na le eng. Ha mohlahisi, mohokahanyi le libaka tsa sebaka sa libaka ka mabitso a li-bottle a ka ferekanya ba sa bueng Sefora, hopola hore Burgundy e hahiloe ka morara o peli: Chardonnay le Pinot Noir .
Veine ea Burgundy ka Numere:
Lihlahisoa tsa veine tsa Burgundy li fokotseha ho fihlela ho 61% ea veine e tšoeu, 30% e khubelu, le 8% ea Cremant de Bourgogne (veine e monate e phatsimang e entsoeng ka tsela e tšoanang le ea Champagne ). Molao oa French AOC o bolela hore bohle Burgundy e tšoeu (aka "Burgundy Blanc") e tlameha ho etsoa ka morara oa Chardonnay 'me ka ho tšoanang Burgundy eohle e khubelu (aka "Bourgogne Rouge") e entsoe ka morara oa Pinot Noir.
Mefuta e meholo ea morara e eketsa metsi a mangata ho leoatleng la Chardonnay (ho bolela 46% ea lifate tsa morara tsa Burgundy) le Pinot Noir (ho sisinya 36% ea limela tsa morara). Lirosa tsena tse tšehetsang li kenyeletsa Aligote (e leng morara oa veine o tšoeu ka ho fetisisa oa Burgundy ka 6%), Gamay (e leng morara o motšo oa 11% oa lifate tsa morara) le polokelo ea Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc le Pinot Beurot ka tlase ho 1%.
Libaka tsa Wine tsa Burgundy:
Le hoja Burgundy e ka ba e nyane haholo ka boholo, haholo ha e bapisoa le moahelani oa eona ea ketekoang ka tsela e tšoanang, Bordeaux, tšusumetso ea sebaka seo, tšusumetso, le bohlokoa ba kakaretso mofuteng oa veine oa machaba ke oa bohlokoa. Burgundy e ka phehoa libakeng tse hlano tse kholo tsa ho hōla kapa literekeng ho tseba: Chablis, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Côte de Nuits le Côte de Beaune. Libaka tsena tse peli tsa ho qetela, Côte de Nuits le Côte de Beaune, li kopane ka kakaretso e le Côte d'Or e tummeng, e bolelang "marulelo a khauta" bakeng sa ho oa ha sebaka seo, 'me e emela setereke se tummeng ka ho fetisisa sa veine sa Burgundy. Lifate tsa Burgundy li boloka botumo bo tsotehang ka ho fana ka lentsoe le leholo sebakeng se ikhethang sa naha. E ntle haholo, e poteletseng, e rarahaneng, e tsamaeang ke lefatse, e tletseng li-finesse, li-wine tsa Burgundy li lula li boloka pharadime e tummeng le e hlomphehang ea Chardonnay le Pinot Noir ho pota lefatše ka bophara.
Chablis : E tummeng ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la bophelo bo thabisang, bo nang le merafo, le Chardonnay e omeletsoeng ke masapo, sebaka se ka leboea sa Chablis se Burgundy ke veine e tšoeu ea veine, e lema merara ea Chardonnay mahaeng a mobu o ruileng. Hangata veine e bitsoa "Chablis" ho pota lefatše kapa sebakeng sa heno e le "Beaunois" lebitso la Burgundian bakeng sa Chardonnay.
Libaka tsa morara tsa Grand Cru tsa Chablis li bokana lebōpong la leoatle le letona la Serein River, 'me Premier Premier limela tsa morara li atisa ho bokana ka mahlakoreng a boroa' me li theoha mobu o tummeng o mosoeu, o chesang, o omeletseng oa mobu oa Kimmeridgia. Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore sehlopha sa Chablis se hlahisang libaka tse ling kaofela tsa Burgundy mabapi le litlhaloso tsa Grand Cru, Premier Premier, le Village (Chablis) tse nang le Petit Chablis li kentse letsoho le lengata la boleng ba theko e tlaase.
Côte Chalonnaise : Ho tsebahala ka Pinot Noir e tiileng, e nang le mekhoa e matla, empa e le e tšoeu ea Burgundy e tšoeu le ea veine e phatsimang, Cremant de Bourgogne, Côte Chalonnaise e palame bohareng ba Burgundy lehlakoreng la Nōka ea Saone. Batla mabitso a motse oa Mercurey le Givry ka mabitso le bahlahisi ba kang Domaine Jabot, Louis Latour le Faively.
Mâconnais : Ho tsebahala ka ho fana ka karolo e ntlehali ea Chardonnay sebakeng sena, Mâconnais e lutse karolong e ka boroa ea Burgundy. Pouilly-Fuissé ke lebitso le tummeng ka ho fetisisa la Mâconnais, le fanang ka veine e tšoeu e nang le apole le perekisi, litlhaloso tse ling tsa tropike le lintlha tsa li-citrus tse nang le mahlaseli a macha, a maholo.
Côte de Nuits : Côte de Nuits e fumanehile ka boroa ho Dijon 'me e bitsoa motseng oa Nuits-Saint-Georges, e hlahisang sehlopha sa lefatše, Pinot Noir e nang le litšoantšo tse nang le lifate tsa morara tse fetang 20 tsa Cru Cru. Lebitso le leholo la lirapa tsa morara oa Romanée-Conti, Chambertin le Musigny, e le ho bonahatsa ba seng bakae feela, kaofela ha tsona li fumaneha Côte de Nuits. Tlhōrō ea line ea Pinot Noir ea Burgundian e fumanoa mona, ka veine e tšoanelehang ho tsofala ka lilemo tse mashome le litheko tse nkileng litefisi tse 'nè le tse hlano bakeng sa crème de la crème.
Côte de Beaune : Bochabela ho Côte de Nuits 'me e etsa karolo e' ngoe ea Côte d'Or, Côte de Beaune e thabela ho arohana ho 70/30 ho makhooa. Leha ho le joalo, ke tloaelo ea veine e tšoeu (hape e tsoang ho morara oa Chardonnay) e etsang hore e be le 'mele e nang le monko o monate o nang le monko o moholo, le limela tse nang le litlama tsa lefatše tse koahetsoeng ke pere ea pere le ea apole. Li-wine tsa Côte de Beaune li fana ka boleng ba bohlokoa ntle le ho senya tekanyetso. E-ba leihlo bakeng sa veine ho tloha Chassagne-Montrachet, Meursault, Pommard, Volnay le Puligny-Montrachet (mabitso 'ohle a metse).
Litlhaloso tsa Veine ea Burgundy:
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho palama li-wine-bophahamo ho veine e phahameng ea Burgundan, tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea sebaka seo e tla qala ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Ha e le hantle ho na le lihlopha tse 'nè tsa boleng ba boleng bo thehiloeng ho tsebiso tse sebelisitsoeng ho lifate tsohle tsa AOC Burgundy: Likopo tsa Sehlekehlekeng, Mabitso a Metseng, Lits'oants'o tsa Lekhotla la Moholo le Grand Appellations.
Sebaka, sebaka, sebaka - se bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khetholla hore na veine ea Burgundy e oela bokae. Lentsoe "Climat" (le bitsoa "Clee-ma") ke lentsoe la Burgundian le bolelang hore karolo e feteletseng eo geographie e e bapalang sebakeng sa veine ea Burgundy.
Sebaka sa boemo ba leholimo ke mobu o hlalositsoeng hantle o nang le mobu o tobileng haholo, marulelo, le maemo a mabe a leholimo. Mohlomong boemo ba leholimo bo ka ba sefate sa morara kapa karolo ea e 'ngoe feela.
Litheko tse phahameng, lirapa tsa morara kapa boemo ba leholimo holimo ho lihlopha tsa Grand Cru le Premier Premier. Li-wine tsa motsaneng li na le mabitso a motse (ie Beaune, Chablis, Corton, Gevrey-Chambertin) tseo lirapa tsa morara li li potolohileng. Molemo letsatsi le leng le le leng, li-wine tse kenang ka hare le lihlopha tsa libaka tsa "Burgundy" li ka 'na tsa khaoloa lirapeng tsa morara kae kapa kae sebakeng sohle sa Burgundy. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, boemo ba serapa sa morara bo ntlafetse, bo ntlafatsoa ke veine le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa (le theko).
Li-Wines tsa Libaka - Joalokaha ho utloahala, sebaka sa veine sa libaka se theha motheo oa piramide ea Bourgundy, e emelang haufi le 50% ea veine e pharaletseng. Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore kae-kae pakeng tsa veine le libaka tsa morara, ho na le mofuta oa "litlhapi-tsohle" tsa setereke tse hlalositsoeng ho feta sebaka sa Burgundy, empa ha se tsohle tse fumanoang motseng o le mong. Ha e le hantle, ha litereke tse seng kae tse kholo li kopantsoe ka lebaka la boleng bo tšoanang boo ba ka bo bitsang joalo. Côte de Beaune-Villages ke mohlala o mong o tloaelehileng, o bontšang hore veine e entsoe ka morara o tsoang metseng e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta motseng oa Côte de Beaune.
Litlhaloso tsa Motse - Ho lekanngoa le hoo e ka bang karolo ea 38 lekholong ea tlhahiso ea veine ea Burgundy, li-wine tsena li na le mabitso a metse kapa litoropong ka mabitso (e leng Pommard, Meursault, Mercury, Pouilly-Fuisse), e bontšang hore morara o hōlileng motseng o mong oa serapa sa morara e leng sebaka se seng le se seng sa Burgundy. Pommard ke lebitso la motse oo u ka o bonang ka lebokose la botlolo, u bolelle hore morara oohle o nkiloe motsaneng oa Pommard sebakeng sa Burgundian Côte de Beaune.
Premier Cru - Ho phahamisa lekala la lihlopha tse ka hodimo tsa li-wine tse ngata ka ho fetisisa tsa Burgundy ka 10% ea tlhahiso ke ho khetholla hoa lebitso la Premier Cru. Se boleloang ke "Khōlo ea Pele," Premier Cru e bua ka veine e hōlileng ka tse nyenyane, AOC e hlalositse ebile e tsebahala ka lirapa tsa morara ho bona sebaka se hlomphehang (se bitsoang "Climat" Burgundy). Li-Labels hangata li nka shorthand e hlalosa "1er Cru" sepheo sa Premier Cru. Li-vine tsena li phethahetse ha nako ea ho phalla, e atisa ho qala molemong oa $ 60 moeling o tlase 'me o sebetsa hantle ho $ 100 + ntlha ea theko ka potlako.
Grand Cru - E le hore ho be le linyehelo tse ngata ka ho fetisisa tsa veine tsa Burgundy tse nang le 1% ea lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa veine tsa Burgundy, tse nang le lirapa tsa morara tse ka holimo ho 30 tse bitsoang Grand Cru, Côte d'Or, Grand Cru wines e laela tlhokomelo ea machaba. Grand Cru e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea Burgundy ha ho pelaelo hore Domaine de la Romanée-Conti e ka kenyang chelete e kaalo ka $ 5,000- $ 12,000 ka botlolo libakeng tsa thekiso.
Veine ea Burgundy Histori:
Ka bopaki ba lifate tsa morara tse lenngoeng ke Macelt pele ho 200 BC le masole a Roma a ntse a hōla morara ho tloha lekholong la pele la lilemo, Burgundy e ne e nkoa e le mehaho ea pele ea lirapa bakeng sa ho hōla morara. Leha ho le joalo, joaloka libaka tse ngata tse ngata tsa veine tsa Europe, e ne e le li-monastere tsa Mehleng e Bohareng tse tšoaneloang ke mokitlane oa mantlha ka ho lema lirapa tsa morara tsa sekolo ka Mehla e Bohareng. Ha a hlahloba ka morara le libaka tsa libaka, 'me ka potlako a lemoha tšusumetso ea Bourgundy, hammoho le matla a bolaoli a terroir ea libaka, baitlami ba Benedictine le Cistercian ba ile ba sebeletsa ho khetholla le ho hlalosa libaka tse lakatsehang ka ho fetisisa tsa serapa sa morara sebakeng seo. Lirapa tsena tsa morara tse tummeng li ne li reretsoe hore e be tse ling tsa thepa ea morara ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ha ba ntse ba hlompha mekhoa le litloaelo tsa viticultural, boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ba baitlami ba Benedictine le ba Cistercian bo ile ba beha motheo o mongata bakeng sa libaka tsa morao-rao tsa veine tsa Burgundy.
E ne e se ho fihlela phetohelo ea Sefora eo beng ba Burgundy ba neng ba e-na le lirapa tsa morara ba fetisitsoeng kerekeng le lihlopha tse nang le bokhabane ho batho ba likaroloana tsa mobu. Lirapa tsa morara tsa sebaka seo li ne li boetse li arohane ha Napolean e ntse e tšela lirapa tsa morara ka ho tiisa hore naha eohle e futsitsoeng e lokela ho aroloa ka lekana har'a majalefa. Ho fihlela letsatsing lena ho tloaelehile ho fumana lirapa tse mashome a mahlano tsa lirapa tse nang le lirapa tse 80, tse nang le mela e mengata ea lifate tsa morara tlasa mong'a molemi a le mong. Tsamaiso ena e arohaneng e entse karolo ea mohoebi (ntlo e kopantsoeng e rekang lifate tsa sebaka seo ka tloaelo ka molamu ho kopanya le li-wine tse ling tse tsoang sebakeng se le seng kapa sechabeng) ho bohlokoa haholo.
Ho reka Veine ea Bargain ea Burgundy
Hopola hore u ke ke ua fumana "Chardonnay" lebitsong la botlolo ea veine ea Burgundy, kahoo o batla libaka tse hlahisang Chardonnay libaka, metse kapa libaka tse bitsoang "domains" tsa aka ka lebokoseng. Chablis, Pouilly-Fuisse, Montrachet, Macon-Villages, le Meursault ke likhetho tse phahameng tsa veine e tšoeu e fumanoang libakeng tsa Burgundy. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang o hlahloba mabitso a motse oa Aloxe-Corton, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Pommard, Vougeot, Mercury, Vosne-Romanee, ka lebokose la botlolo ho u lebisa ka tsela e nepahetseng bakeng sa Pinot Noir. Li-wine tsa libaka tse nang le "Burgundy" tse kenyelletsoeng ka hohle li tla be li le bonolo ho sepache, tse latelang ke veine ea motseng e atisang ho eketsa boleng le boleng ba chelete e seng kae feela. Premier Premier Cru le Grand Cru lifate tse tsoang libakeng tse khethehileng tsa libaka tsa morara tse tsejoang ka boleng (le tlhahiso e fokolang) li botsa bareki ka chelete empa li tšepisa ho fana ka thabo ea libotlolo ha li khutla.
Mefuta e Molemohali ea Burgundy Bakeng sa ho Leka: Bouchard Aine & Fils, Domaine Christian Moreau Pere & Fils, Domaine Faiveley, JJ Vincent, Joseph Drouhin, Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Olivier Leflaive